| AOMedia AV1 Codec

README.md

# AV1 Codec Library

## Contents

1. Building the lib and applications
   - Prerequisites
   - Get the code
   - Basics
   - Configuration options
   - Dylib builds
   - Debugging
   - Cross compiling
   - Sanitizer support
   - MSVC builds
   - Xcode builds
   - Emscripten builds
   - Extra Build Flags
   - Build with VMAF support
2. Testing the library
   - Basics
     - Unit tests
     - Example tests
     - Encoder tests
   - IDE hosted tests
   - Downloading test data
   - Adding a new test data file
   - Additional test data
   - Sharded testing
     - Running tests directly
     - Running tests via CMake
3. Coding style
4. License header
5. Submitting patches
   - Login cookie
   - Contributor agreement
   - Testing your code
   - Commit message hook
   - Upload your change
   - Incorporating Reviewer Comments
   - Submitting your change
   - Viewing change status
6. Support
7. Bug reports

## Building the library and applications

### Prerequisites

1. CMake. See CMakeLists.txt for the minimum version required.
2. Git.
3. A modern C compiler. gcc 6+, clang 7+, Microsoft Visual Studio 2019+ or the latest version of MinGW-w64 (clang64 or ucrt toolchains) are recommended. A C++ compiler is necessary to build the unit tests and some features contained in the examples.
4. Perl.
5. For x86 targets, yasm or a recent version (2.14 or later) of nasm. (If both yasm and nasm are present, yasm will be used by default. Pass -DENABLE_NASM=ON to cmake to select nasm.) If you download yasm with the intention to work with Visual Studio, please download win32.exe or win64.exe and rename it into yasm.exe. DO NOT download or use vsyasm.exe. The MSYS2 version of the yasm binary can also be used and avoids an issue caused by a missing Visual C++ Redistributable install (Visual Studio 2010, MSVCR100.dll).
6. Building the documentation requires doxygen version 1.8.10 or newer.
7. Emscripten builds require the portable EMSDK.

### Get the code

The AV1 library source code is stored in the Alliance for Open Media Git repository:

$ git clone https://aomedia.googlesource.com/aom
# By default, the above command stores the source in the aom directory:
$ cd aom

### Basic build

CMake replaces the configure step typical of many projects. Running CMake will produce configuration and build files for the currently selected CMake generator. For most systems the default generator is Unix Makefiles. The basic form of a makefile build is the following:

$ cmake path/to/aom
$ make

The above will generate a makefile build that produces the AV1 library and applications for the current host system after the make step completes successfully. The compiler chosen varies by host platform, but a general rule applies: On systems where cc and c++ are present in $PATH at the time CMake is run the generated build will use cc and c++ by default.

### Configuration options

The AV1 codec library has a great many configuration options. These come in two varieties:

1. Build system configuration options. These have the form ENABLE_FEATURE.
2. AV1 codec configuration options. These have the form CONFIG_FEATURE.

Both types of options are set at the time CMake is run. The following example enables ccache and disables the AV1 encoder:

$ cmake path/to/aom -DENABLE_CCACHE=1 -DCONFIG_AV1_ENCODER=0
$ make

The available configuration options are too numerous to list here. Build system configuration options can be found at the top of the CMakeLists.txt file found in the root of the AV1 repository, and AV1 codec configuration options can currently be found in the file build/cmake/aom_config_defaults.cmake.

### Dylib builds

A dylib (shared object) build of the AV1 codec library can be enabled via the CMake built in variable BUILD_SHARED_LIBS:

$ cmake path/to/aom -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=1
$ make

This is currently only supported on non-Windows targets.

### Debugging

Depending on the generator used there are multiple ways of going about debugging AV1 components. For single configuration generators like the Unix Makefiles generator, setting CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE to Debug is sufficient:

$ cmake path/to/aom -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug

For Xcode, mainly because configuration controls for Xcode builds are buried two configuration windows deep and must be set for each subproject within the Xcode IDE individually, CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES should be set to Debug:

$ cmake path/to/aom -G Xcode -DCMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES=Debug

For Visual Studio the in-IDE configuration controls should be used. Simply set the IDE project configuration to Debug to allow for stepping through the code.

In addition to the above it can sometimes be useful to debug only C and C++ code. To disable all assembly code and intrinsics set AOM_TARGET_CPU to generic at generation time:

$ cmake path/to/aom -DAOM_TARGET_CPU=generic

### Cross compiling

For the purposes of building the AV1 codec and applications and relative to the scope of this guide, all builds for architectures differing from the native host architecture will be considered cross compiles. The AV1 CMake build handles cross compiling via the use of toolchain files included in the AV1 repository. The toolchain files available at the time of this writing are:

- arm64-ios.cmake
- arm64-linux-clang.cmake
- arm64-linux-gcc.cmake
- arm64-mingw-gcc.cmake
- armv7-ios.cmake
- armv7-linux-gcc.cmake
- armv7-mingw-gcc.cmake
- armv7s-ios.cmake
- ppc-linux-gcc.cmake
- riscv-linux-gcc.cmake
- x86-ios-simulator.cmake
- x86-linux.cmake
- x86-macos.cmake
- x86-mingw-gcc.cmake
- x86_64-ios-simulator.cmake
- x86_64-mingw-gcc.cmake

The following example demonstrates use of the x86-macos.cmake toolchain file on a x86_64 MacOS host:

$ cmake path/to/aom \
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=path/to/aom/build/cmake/toolchains/x86-macos.cmake
$ make

To build for an unlisted target creation of a new toolchain file is the best solution. The existing toolchain files can be used a starting point for a new toolchain file since each one exposes the basic requirements for toolchain files as used in the AV1 codec build.

As a temporary work around an unoptimized AV1 configuration that builds only C and C++ sources can be produced using the following commands:

$ cmake path/to/aom -DAOM_TARGET_CPU=generic
$ make

In addition to the above it's important to note that the toolchain files suffixed with gcc behave differently than the others. These toolchain files attempt to obey the $CROSS environment variable.

### Sanitizers

Sanitizer integration is built-in to the CMake build system. To enable a sanitizer, add -DSANITIZE=<type> to the CMake command line. For example, to enable address sanitizer:

$ cmake path/to/aom -DSANITIZE=address
$ make

Sanitizers available vary by platform, target, and compiler. Consult your compiler documentation to determine which, if any, are available.

### Microsoft Visual Studio builds

Building the AV1 codec library in Microsoft Visual Studio is supported. Visual Studio 2019 (16.0) or later is required. The following example demonstrates generating projects and a solution for the Microsoft IDE:

# This does not require a bash shell; Command Prompt (cmd.exe) is fine.
# This assumes the build host is a Windows x64 computer.
# To create a Visual Studio 2022 solution for the x64 target:
$ cmake path/to/aom -G "Visual Studio 17 2022"
# To create a Visual Studio 2022 solution for the 32-bit x86 target:
$ cmake path/to/aom -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A Win32
# To create a Visual Studio 2019 solution for the x64 target:
$ cmake path/to/aom -G "Visual Studio 16 2019"
# To create a Visual Studio 2019 solution for the 32-bit x86 target:
$ cmake path/to/aom -G "Visual Studio 16 2019" -A Win32
# To build the solution:
$ cmake --build .

NOTE: The build system targets Windows 7 or later by compiling files with -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0601.

### Xcode builds

Building the AV1 codec library in Xcode is supported. The following example demonstrates generating an Xcode project:

$ cmake path/to/aom -G Xcode

### Emscripten builds

Building the AV1 codec library with Emscripten is supported. Typically this is used to hook into the AOMAnalyzer GUI application. These instructions focus on using the inspector with AOMAnalyzer, but all tools can be built with Emscripten.

It is assumed here that you have already downloaded and installed the EMSDK, installed and activated at least one toolchain, and setup your environment appropriately using the emsdk_env script.

1. Build AOM Analyzer.
2. Configure the build:

$ cmake path/to/aom \
-DENABLE_CCACHE=1 \
-DAOM_TARGET_CPU=generic \
-DENABLE_DOCS=0 \
-DENABLE_TESTS=0 \
-DCONFIG_ACCOUNTING=1 \
-DCONFIG_INSPECTION=1 \
-DCONFIG_MULTITHREAD=0 \
-DCONFIG_RUNTIME_CPU_DETECT=0 \
-DCONFIG_WEBM_IO=0 \
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=path/to/emsdk-portable/.../Emscripten.cmake

1. Build it: run make if that's your generator of choice:

$ make inspect

1. Run the analyzer:

# inspect.js is in the examples sub directory of the directory in which you
# executed cmake.
$ path/to/AOMAnalyzer path/to/examples/inspect.js path/to/av1/input/file

### Extra build flags

Three variables allow for passing of additional flags to the build system.

- AOM_EXTRA_C_FLAGS
- AOM_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS
- AOM_EXTRA_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS

The build system attempts to ensure the flags passed through the above variables are passed to tools last in order to allow for override of default behavior. These flags can be used, for example, to enable asserts in a release build:

$ cmake path/to/aom \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-DAOM_EXTRA_C_FLAGS=-UNDEBUG \
-DAOM_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS=-UNDEBUG

### Build with VMAF support

After installing libvmaf.a, you can use it with the encoder:

$ cmake path/to/aom -DCONFIG_TUNE_VMAF=1

Please note that the default VMAF model ("/usr/local/share/model/vmaf_v0.6.1.json") will be used unless you set the following flag when running the encoder:

# --vmaf-model-path=path/to/model

## Testing the AV1 codec

### Testing basics

There are several methods of testing the AV1 codec. All of these methods require the presence of the AV1 source code and a working build of the AV1 library and applications.

#### 1. Unit tests:

The unit tests can be run at build time:

# Before running the make command the LIBAOM_TEST_DATA_PATH environment
# variable should be set to avoid downloading the test files to the
# cmake build configuration directory.
$ cmake path/to/aom
# Note: The AV1 CMake build creates many test targets. Running make
# with multiple jobs will speed up the test run significantly.
$ make runtests

#### 2. Example tests:

The example tests require a bash shell and can be run in the following manner:

# See the note above about LIBAOM_TEST_DATA_PATH above.
$ cmake path/to/aom
$ make
# It's best to build the testdata target using many make jobs.
# Running it like this will verify and download (if necessary)
# one at a time, which takes a while.
$ make testdata
$ path/to/aom/test/examples.sh --bin-path examples

#### 3. Encoder tests:

When making a change to the encoder run encoder tests to confirm that your change has a positive or negligible impact on encode quality. When running these tests the build configuration should be changed to enable internal encoder statistics:

$ cmake path/to/aom -DCONFIG_INTERNAL_STATS=1
$ make

The repository contains scripts intended to make running these tests as simple as possible. The following example demonstrates creating a set of baseline clips for comparison to results produced after making your change to libaom:

# This will encode all Y4M files in the current directory using the
# settings specified to create the encoder baseline statistical data:
$ cd path/to/test/inputs
# This command line assumes that run_encodes.sh, its helper script
# best_encode.sh, and the aomenc you intend to test are all within a
# directory in your PATH.
$ run_encodes.sh 200 500 50 baseline

After making your change and creating the baseline clips, you'll need to run encodes that include your change(s) to confirm that things are working as intended:

# This will encode all Y4M files in the current directory using the
# settings specified to create the statistical data for your change:
$ cd path/to/test/inputs
# This command line assumes that run_encodes.sh, its helper script
# best_encode.sh, and the aomenc you intend to test are all within a
# directory in your PATH.
$ run_encodes.sh 200 500 50 mytweak

After creating both data sets you can use test/visual_metrics.py to generate a report that can be viewed in a web browser:

$ visual_metrics.py metrics_template.html "*stt" baseline mytweak \
> mytweak.html

You can view the report by opening mytweak.html in a web browser.

### IDE hosted tests

By default the generated projects files created by CMake will not include the runtests and testdata rules when generating for IDEs like Microsoft Visual Studio and Xcode. This is done to avoid intolerably long build cycles in the IDEs– IDE behavior is to build all targets when selecting the build project options in MSVS and Xcode. To enable the test rules in IDEs the ENABLE_IDE_TEST_HOSTING variable must be enabled at CMake generation time:

# This example uses Xcode. To get a list of the generators
# available, run cmake with the -G argument missing its
# value.
$ cmake path/to/aom -DENABLE_IDE_TEST_HOSTING=1 -G Xcode

### Downloading the test data

The fastest and easiest way to obtain the test data is to use CMake to generate a build using the Unix Makefiles generator, and then to build only the testdata rule. By default the test files will be downloaded to the current directory. The LIBAOM_TEST_DATA_PATH environment variable can be used to set a custom one.

$ cmake path/to/aom -G "Unix Makefiles"
# 28 is used because there are 28 test files as of this writing.
$ make -j28 testdata

The above make command will only download and verify the test data.

### Adding a new test data file

First, add the new test data file to the aom-test-data bucket of the aomedia-testing project on Google Cloud Platform. You may need to ask someone with the necessary access permissions to do this for you.

NOTE: When a new test data file is added to the aom-test-data bucket, its "Public access" is initially "Not public". We need to change its "Public access" to "Public" by using the following gsutil command:

$ gsutil acl ch -g all:R gs://aom-test-data/test-data-file-name

This command grants the AllUsers group READ access to the file named "test-data-file-name" in the aom-test-data bucket.

Once the new test data file has been added to aom-test-data, create a CL to add the name of the new test data file to test/test_data_util.cmake and add the SHA1 checksum of the new test data file to test/test-data.sha1. (The SHA1 checksum of a file can be calculated by running the sha1sum command on the file.)

### Additional test data

The test data mentioned above is strictly intended for unit testing.

Additional input data for testing the encoder can be obtained from: https://media.xiph.org/video/derf/

### Sharded testing

The AV1 codec library unit tests are built upon gtest which supports sharding of test jobs. Sharded test runs can be achieved in a couple of ways.

#### 1. Running test_libaom directly:

# Set the environment variable GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS to control the number of
# shards.
$ export GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS=10
# (GTEST shard indexing is 0 based).
$ seq 0 $(( $GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS - 1 )) \
| xargs -n 1 -P 0 -I{} env GTEST_SHARD_INDEX={} ./test_libaom

To create a test shard for each CPU core available on the current system set GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS to the number of CPU cores on your system minus one.

#### 2. Running the tests via the CMake build:

# For IDE based builds, ENABLE_IDE_TEST_HOSTING must be enabled. See
# the IDE hosted tests section above for more information. If the IDE
# supports building targets concurrently tests will be sharded by default.
# For make and ninja builds the -j parameter controls the number of shards
# at test run time. This example will run the tests using 10 shards via
# make.
$ make -j10 runtests

The maximum number of test targets that can run concurrently is determined by the number of CPUs on the system where the build is configured as detected by CMake. A system with 24 cores can run 24 test shards using a value of 24 with the -j parameter. When CMake is unable to detect the number of cores 10 shards is the default maximum value.

## Coding style

We are using the Google C Coding Style defined by the Google C++ Style Guide.

The coding style used by this project is enforced with clang-format using the configuration contained in the .clang-format file in the root of the repository.

You can download clang-format using your system's package manager, or directly from llvm.org. You can also view the documentation on llvm.org. Output from clang-format varies by clang-format version, for best results your version should match the one used on Jenkins. You can find the clang-format version by reading the comment in the .clang-format file linked above.

Before pushing changes for review you can format your code with:

# Apply clang-format to modified .c, .h and .cc files
$ clang-format -i --style=file \
$(git diff --name-only --diff-filter=ACMR '*.[hc]' '*.cc')

Check the .clang-format file for the version used to generate it if there is any difference between your local formatting and the review system.

Some Git installations have clang-format integration. Here are some examples:

# Apply clang-format to all staged changes:
$ git clang-format
# Clang format all staged and unstaged changes:
$ git clang-format -f
# Clang format all staged and unstaged changes interactively:
$ git clang-format -f -p

## License header

Use the following comment block in new C/C++ source files, replacing "${year}" with the current year. The same comment should be added to other file types, adjusting the comment syntax as necessary.

/*
* Copyright (c) ${year}, Alliance for Open Media. All rights reserved.
*
* This source code is subject to the terms of the BSD 2 Clause License and
* the Alliance for Open Media Patent License 1.0. If the BSD 2 Clause License
* was not distributed with this source code in the LICENSE file, you can
* obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/software. If the Alliance for Open
* Media Patent License 1.0 was not distributed with this source code in the
* PATENTS file, you can obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/patent.
*/

## Submitting patches

We manage the submission of patches using the Gerrit code review tool. This tool implements a workflow on top of the Git version control system to ensure that all changes get peer reviewed and tested prior to their distribution.

### Login cookie

Browse to AOMedia Git index and login with your account (Gmail credentials, for example). Next, follow the Generate Password Password link at the top of the page. You’ll be given instructions for creating a cookie to use with our Git repos.

You must also have a Gerrit account associated with your Google account. To do this visit the Gerrit review server and click "Sign in" (top right).

### Contributor agreement

You will be required to execute a contributor agreement to ensure that the AOMedia Project has the right to distribute your changes.

Note: If you are pushing changes on behalf of an Alliance for Open Media member organization this step is not necessary.

### Testing your code

The testing basics are covered in the testing section above.

In addition to the local tests, many more (e.g. asan, tsan, valgrind) will run through Jenkins instances upon upload to gerrit.

### Commit message hook

Gerrit requires that each submission include a unique Change-Id. You can assign one manually using git commit –amend, but it’s easier to automate it with the commit-msg hook provided by Gerrit.

Copy commit-msg to the .git/hooks directory of your local repo. Here's an example:

$ curl -Lo aom/.git/hooks/commit-msg https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/tools/hooks/commit-msg
# Next, ensure that the downloaded commit-msg script is executable:
$ chmod u+x aom/.git/hooks/commit-msg

See the Gerrit documentation for more information.

### Upload your change

The command line to upload your patch looks like this:

$ git push https://aomedia-review.googlesource.com/aom HEAD:refs/for/main

### Incorporating reviewer comments

If you previously uploaded a change to Gerrit and the Approver has asked for changes, follow these steps:

1. Edit the files to make the changes the reviewer has requested.
2. Recommit your edits using the –amend flag, for example:

$ git commit -a --amend

1. Use the same git push command as above to upload to Gerrit again for another review cycle.

In general, you should not rebase your changes when doing updates in response to review. Doing so can make it harder to follow the evolution of your change in the diff view.

### Submitting your change

Once your change has been Approved and Verified, you can “submit” it through the Gerrit UI. This will usually automatically rebase your change onto the branch specified.

Sometimes this can’t be done automatically. If you run into this problem, you must rebase your changes manually:

$ git fetch
$ git rebase origin/branchname

If there are any conflicts, resolve them as you normally would with Git. When you’re done, reupload your change.

### Viewing the status of uploaded changes

To check the status of a change that you uploaded, open Gerrit, sign in, and click My > Changes.

## Support

This library is an open source project supported by its community. Please email av1-d.nosp@m.iscu.nosp@m.ss@ao.nosp@m.medi.nosp@m.a.org for help.

## Bug reports

Bug reports can be filed in the Alliance for Open Media issue tracker. For security reports, select 'Security report' from the Template dropdown.