[![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/pymysql/badge/?version=latest)](https://pymysql.readthedocs.io/)
[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/PyMySQL/PyMySQL/branch/main/graph/badge.svg?token=ppEuaNXBW4)](https://codecov.io/gh/PyMySQL/PyMySQL)

# PyMySQL

This package contains a pure-Python MySQL client library, based on [PEP
249](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/).

## Requirements

- Python -- one of the following:
  - [CPython](https://www.python.org/) : 3.7 and newer
  - [PyPy](https://pypy.org/) : Latest 3.x version
- MySQL Server -- one of the following:
  - [MySQL](https://www.mysql.com/) \>= 5.7
  - [MariaDB](https://mariadb.org/) \>= 10.4

## Installation

Package is uploaded on [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/PyMySQL).

You can install it with pip:

    $ python3 -m pip install PyMySQL

To use "sha256_password" or "caching_sha2_password" for authenticate,
you need to install additional dependency:

    $ python3 -m pip install PyMySQL[rsa]

To use MariaDB's "ed25519" authentication method, you need to install
additional dependency:

    $ python3 -m pip install PyMySQL[ed25519]

## Documentation

Documentation is available online: <https://pymysql.readthedocs.io/>

For support, please refer to the
[StackOverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/pymysql).

## Example

The following examples make use of a simple table

``` sql
CREATE TABLE `users` (
    `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `email` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
    `password` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin
AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;
```

``` python
import pymysql.cursors

# Connect to the database
connection = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',
                             user='user',
                             password='passwd',
                             database='db',
                             cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)

with connection:
    with connection.cursor() as cursor:
        # Create a new record
        sql = "INSERT INTO `users` (`email`, `password`) VALUES (%s, %s)"
        cursor.execute(sql, ('webmaster@python.org', 'very-secret'))

    # connection is not autocommit by default. So you must commit to save
    # your changes.
    connection.commit()

    with connection.cursor() as cursor:
        # Read a single record
        sql = "SELECT `id`, `password` FROM `users` WHERE `email`=%s"
        cursor.execute(sql, ('webmaster@python.org',))
        result = cursor.fetchone()
        print(result)
```

This example will print:

``` python
{'password': 'very-secret', 'id': 1}
```

## Resources

- DB-API 2.0: <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/>
- MySQL Reference Manuals: <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/>
- MySQL client/server protocol:
  <https://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/client-server-protocol.html>
- "Connector" channel in MySQL Community Slack:
  <https://lefred.be/mysql-community-on-slack/>
- PyMySQL mailing list:
  <https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/pymysql-users>

## License

PyMySQL is released under the MIT License. See LICENSE for more
information.
