# Downloads

`Downloads.download` — Function

    download(url, [ output = tempname() ];
        [ method = "GET", ]
        [ headers = <none>, ]
        [ timeout = <none>, ]
        [ progress = <none>, ]
        [ verbose = false, ]
        [ debug = <none>, ]
        [ downloader = <default>, ]
    ) -> output

        url        :: AbstractString
        output     :: Union{AbstractString, AbstractCmd, IO}
        method     :: AbstractString
        headers    :: Union{AbstractVector, AbstractDict}
        timeout    :: Real
        progress   :: (total::Integer, now::Integer) --> Any
        verbose    :: Bool
        debug      :: (type, message) --> Any
        downloader :: Downloader

Download a file from the given url, saving it to `output` or if not specified, a temporary path. The `output` can also be an `IO` handle, in which case the body of the response is streamed to that handle and the handle is returned. If `output` is a command, the command is run and output is sent to it on stdin.

If the `downloader` keyword argument is provided, it must be a `Downloader` object. Resources and connections will be shared between downloads performed by the same `Downloader` and cleaned up automatically when the object is garbage collected or there have been no downloads performed with it for a grace period. See `Downloader` for more info about configuration and usage.

If the `headers` keyword argument is provided, it must be a vector or dictionary whose elements are all pairs of strings. These pairs are passed as headers when downloading URLs with protocols that supports them, such as HTTP/S.

The `timeout` keyword argument specifies a timeout for the download to complete in seconds, with a resolution of milliseconds. By default no timeout is set, but this can also be explicitly requested by passing a timeout value of `Inf`. Separately, if 20 seconds elapse without receiving any data, the download will timeout. See extended help for how to disable this timeout.

If the `progress` keyword argument is provided, it must be a callback function which will be called whenever there are updates about the size and status of the ongoing download. The callback must take two integer arguments: `total` and `now` which are the total size of the download in bytes, and the number of bytes which have been downloaded so far. Note that `total` starts out as zero and remains zero until the server gives an indication of the total size of the download (e.g. with a `Content-Length` header), which may never happen. So a well-behaved progress callback should handle a total size of zero gracefully.

If the `verbose` option is set to true, `libcurl`, which is used to implement the download functionality will print debugging information to `stderr`. If the `debug` option is set to a function accepting two `String` arguments, then the verbose option is ignored and instead the data that would have been printed to `stderr` is passed to the `debug` callback with `type` and `message` arguments. The `type` argument indicates what kind of event has occurred, and is one of: `TEXT`, `HEADER IN`, `HEADER OUT`, `DATA IN`, `DATA OUT`, `SSL DATA IN` or `SSL DATA OUT`. The `message` argument is the description of the debug event.

Extended Help

For further customization, use a `Downloader` and `easy_hook`s. For example, to disable the 20 second timeout when no data is received, you may use the following:

    downloader = Downloads.Downloader()
    downloader.easy_hook = (easy, info) -> Downloads.Curl.setopt(easy, Downloads.Curl.CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_TIME, 0)

    Downloads.download("https://httpbingo.julialang.org/delay/30"; downloader)

source
`Downloads.request` — Function

    request(url;
        [ input = <none>, ]
        [ output = <none>, ]
        [ method = input ? "PUT" : output ? "GET" : "HEAD", ]
        [ headers = <none>, ]
        [ timeout = <none>, ]
        [ progress = <none>, ]
        [ verbose = false, ]
        [ debug = <none>, ]
        [ throw = true, ]
        [ downloader = <default>, ]
        [ interrupt = <none>, ]
    ) -> Union{Response, RequestError}

        url        :: AbstractString
        input      :: Union{AbstractString, AbstractCmd, IO}
        output     :: Union{AbstractString, AbstractCmd, IO}
        method     :: AbstractString
        headers    :: Union{AbstractVector, AbstractDict}
        timeout    :: Real
        progress   :: (dl_total, dl_now, ul_total, ul_now) --> Any
        verbose    :: Bool
        debug      :: (type, message) --> Any
        throw      :: Bool
        downloader :: Downloader
        interrupt  :: Base.Event

Make a request to the given url, returning a `Response` object capturing the status, headers and other information about the response. The body of the response is written to `output` if specified and discarded otherwise. For HTTP/S requests, if an `input` stream is given, a `PUT` request is made; otherwise if an `output` stream is given, a `GET` request is made; if neither is given a `HEAD` request is made. For other protocols, appropriate default methods are used based on what combination of input and output are requested. The following options differ from the `download` function:

- `input` allows providing a request body; if provided default to `PUT` request
- `progress` is a callback taking four integers for upload and download progress
- `throw` controls whether to throw or return a `RequestError` on request error

Note that unlike `download` which throws an error if the requested URL could not be downloaded (indicated by non-2xx status code), `request` returns a `Response` object no matter what the status code of the response is. If there is an error with getting a response at all, then a `RequestError` is thrown or returned.

If the `interrupt` keyword argument is provided, it must be a `Base.Event` object. If the event is triggered while the request is in progress, the request will be cancelled and an error will be thrown. This can be used to interrupt a long running request, for example if the user wants to cancel a download.

source
`Downloads.Response` — Type

    struct Response
        proto   :: String
        url     :: String
        status  :: Int
        message :: String
        headers :: Vector{Pair{String,String}}
    end

`Response` is a type capturing the properties of a successful response to a request as an object. It has the following fields:

- `proto`: the protocol that was used to get the response
- `url`: the URL that was ultimately requested after following redirects
- `status`: the status code of the response, indicating success, failure, etc.
- `message`: a textual message describing the nature of the response
- `headers`: any headers that were returned with the response

The meaning and availability of some of these responses depends on the protocol used for the request. For many protocols, including HTTP/S and S/FTP, a 2xx status code indicates a successful response. For responses in protocols that do not support headers, the headers vector will be empty. HTTP/2 does not include a status message, only a status code, so the message will be empty.

source
`Downloads.RequestError` — Type

    struct RequestError <: ErrorException
        url      :: String
        code     :: Int
        message  :: String
        response :: Response
    end

`RequestError` is a type capturing the properties of a failed response to a request as an exception object:

- `url`: the original URL that was requested without any redirects
- `code`: the libcurl error code; `0` if a protocol-only error occurred
- `message`: the libcurl error message indicating what went wrong
- `response`: response object capturing what response info is available

The same `RequestError` type is thrown by `download` if the request was successful but there was a protocol-level error indicated by a status code that is not in the 2xx range, in which case `code` will be zero and the `message` field will be the empty string. The `request` API only throws a `RequestError` if the libcurl error `code` is non-zero, in which case the included `response` object is likely to have a `status` of zero and an empty message. There are, however, situations where a curl-level error is thrown due to a protocol error, in which case both the inner and outer code and message may be of interest.

source
`Downloads.Downloader` — Type

    Downloader(; [ grace::Real = 30 ])

`Downloader` objects are used to perform individual `download` operations. Connections, name lookups and other resources are shared within a `Downloader`. These connections and resources are cleaned up after a configurable grace period (default: 30 seconds) since anything was downloaded with it, or when it is garbage collected, whichever comes first. If the grace period is set to zero, all resources will be cleaned up immediately as soon as there are no more ongoing downloads in progress. If the grace period is set to `Inf` then resources are not cleaned up until `Downloader` is garbage collected.

source

Theme

This document was generated with Documenter.jl version 1.16.0 on Thursday 20 November 2025. Using Julia version 1.12.2.